Hydrocarbon-burner



H. 0. BAKER.

HYDROCARBON BURNER. I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, i919.

' Patented Feb. 22, 1921.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3. I9I9. 1,369,074. Patented Feb.,22, 1921.

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Wi t new UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

HARTLEY O. BAKER, OF iUEBLO, COLORADO. ASSIGNOR TO THE BAKER STEAM MOTOR CAR AND MANUFACTURING 00., ING, OF BUEBLO,"COLORADO.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER.

I Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 22, 1921 Application filed nine 3, 1919. Serial No. 301,413.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HARTLEY O. BAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pueblo, in the county of Pueblo and State oi Colorado, have invented certain. new and useful Improvements in l lydrocarborrBurners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a "full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present invention relates to hydrocarbon burners, and is particularly an improvement over the hydrocarbon burner disclosed in my copending application filed February 26, 1918, Serial No. 219,284.

The primary object of thisinvention is H the provision in a hydrocarbon burner, adapted especlally for use under the steam generator or water boiler of a steam motor vehicle, of novel means for the admission of a large quantity of air to mix with the gas, whereby to increase the eihciency of combustion and to provide maximum heat and other benefits.

By way of explanation it may be stated.

Bunsen burner including a jet nozzle and av mixing tube,-is not elficient when used under certain conditions, such as within anin-. cased boiler or the like, in which arrangement, the structure is not capable .of producing a suflicient inflow of air, to insure complete combustionof the fuel, this being especially true when the burner is placed under a boiler and is inclosed. The incas: ing of the burner results in a resistance to the draft, thereby checking or retarding the flow of air and gas and choking, more or less, the combustion of fuel, because sufficient flow of air is not established. shown that the use of such a burner under a boiler, with the casing opened for free circulation of air from the atmosphere, .re-

sulted in the mixture burning with a blue flame thirty inches high, whereas the same burner under the same cond tions, exceptlng with the boiler incased, will choke the flame Tests have down to a height of three inches or less. Such tests have exemplified theneed for a greater flow of oxygen, as wellas indicating that the flames draw oxygen from the surrounding air, which is not possible with the incasing of the burner. Thus, the gas in be ing shot through the mixing tube does not draw in sufiicient'air to support complete combustion, resulting not only in incomplete combustion of the fuel, but also in a loss of heat units, the unburned fuel passing into the smoke stack and out into the air. results in a fire of reduced heat, when it should be of higher temperature.

The invention therefore has for its object to so construct and arrange the air inlet means with respect to the fuel nozzle or noz-' zles, as to obtaina maximum supply of air toadmix with the fuel and provide a thoroughly combustible mixture which will sup port a blue flame of maximum height and mat. v

A further objectis the provision of a mix-' ing tube of novel form, with one or more air funnels or bells between the fuel nozzle and mixing tube, whereby the fuel in shooting through the tunnel or funnels and mixing tube will draw in a largequantity of air, suflicient for the needs. I a 7 I A still further object is the. provision in combination with a main fire burner, of a The invention has for a further object the combination with the main and pilotburn- This ers, of a vaporizing device between the gencrating piping and the main burner or burn:

crs, wherebyvto enhance the vaporization of the'iuel passing to the main burner, and to also, arrest particles of foreign matter,xas well as providingother advantages.

Vvith the foregoing and other objectsin view, which will b apparent as the'descrip "tion proceeds, the invention resides in the construction ,and arrangement of parts hereinafter ClQSGI'lbGCl and clalmed, 1t bemg understood that changes can be made within the scope of what is claimed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is aplan view of the improved burner, portions being broken away.

Fig. 2- is a horizontal section in the plane of the mixing tubes.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary front View of the burner.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged Vertical section taken on the line l i of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. a modification.

Fig. 6 is a Vertical section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

The construction, in general respects, is somewhat similar to the burner disclosed in the above mentioned application. and is iu tended primarily for use under a water boiler or steam generator, such as used in steam motor vehicles. although the use o the present improvements is not limited such particular use of the burner. The main burner, which is of duplicate or twin construction, includes a casing 1 inclosing two 2 showing gas distributing chambers disoosed side \1 t. i.

by side and separated by a partition 3 extending irom the frontto the rear 111 VQltical plane. the front wall t oi the casing be ing preferably straight with the partition 3 extending to said wall between the ends thereof. The top 5 of the casing 1 has the gas outlet slits 6 arranged in rows, and said top has channels or grooves 7 extending forwardly and rearwardly between the rows o'i slits or outlets to accommodate the generating piping. 8 which extends back and forth 111 said channels or grooves. The piping 8 preferably comprises two branches or pipes leading from a common supply pipe 9 for gasolene, kerosene or other suitable liquid fuel. v

The casing 1 is provided in front of the wall or partition 4t and the respective chambers 2,'with the air chambers 10 h aving the front wall 11, and the casing is provided in front oi. the wall 11 with chamber or space 12 for controlling valves. closed by a remov: blo door or panel 13. further provided between t 1e chaahers it) and at the forward end oi. the 'iartitiou 3 with a recess or pocket 14; opening upwardly and also opening forwardly through the partition 11. and the pilot or primary burner 15 is inserted and seated in said recess 1 L. 1

The pilot or primary hurner'lfi comprises a casing '16 to snugly in the recess 14:, and said casing has a longitudinal partition 17 extending from the forward to the rear end of the casino; between the top and bottom thereof, and dividing the interior of the.

The casing is.

bottom of the casino 1 thus admittin fresh air into the rear end of the passage 19, so that said air flows forwardly under the partition 17, thus receiving its initial heat from the partition 17 and alls of the casing 16 which are heated from the flames. he top of the casing 16 has the gas outlets and the for ard end portion of the partition 17 is offset upwardly as at 23. and carries the mixing tube which extends rear wardly from said outlet portion over the partition 1'? into the chamber 18. A fuel nozzle extends rearwardly through the iorward end the casing 16 toshoot the rapor or fuel through the mixing tube whereby air is drawn into and forwardly within the passage or chamber 19 and thence upwa dly within the tor-ward upwardly extenuiug portion thereof to mix with the fuel and flow through the tube A generator pipe 26 is connected to the nozzle 2:) and extends around the upper outlet portion of the casing 16 and is connected to the supply pipe 27 for the fuel used for the pilot burner. The pilot hi'irner thus receives its fresh air from underneath.

The main tuel nozzles extend. rear wardly through the wall 11 into the air chambers 10. and in alinement with the mixing tubes 29 carried by the wall or partition 4: and extending rearwardlv into the chambers These tubes 29 have their tor Yard ends flared ahruptlfir and projecting within the chambers 1 and the rear ends ct said tubes flare or enlarge more gradually. as clearly seen in Between each mixing tube and the corresponding tnel nozzle 28 is an air tunnel or hell 30. having its JEOPXHICl larger end surrounding the nozzle. and its rear small end located within the forward flared end oi the mixing tube. This funnel 30 tapers roarwardly to extend within the forward portion of the mixing tube which also tapers rearwardly to the restricted portion oi the mixii tube. from which point the l'i'llillflljf tube increases in diameter or flares The tunnel 30 is supported from the iu'ixii tube by means 0 wires 31 or thelilrc; The i i-cl thus flows from the nozzle 29 througl he fininel and thence through the n ing tube 29. pro iding a double inflow o? n. because the airill be drawn into the hinnel 30 1th the 1uel. and the stream of incl and air in passing from the rear contracted end of the tunnel 30 through the mixing tube 25) will t" be between the tunnel. and forward flared end of the mixing tube. This results in a copious supply of air being drawn into the corresponding chamber 2 with the fuel, and the gas or mixture can circulate within said chamber, so as to be distributed to flow through all of the upper outlets 6 with equal pressure and density.

By thus delivering more than ample air with the fuel into the distributing chambers 2, complete combustion of the fuel is obtained, and at the same time, a greater pressure of the gas is maintained, thereby forcing the products of combustion up through the boiler and increasing the draft. The result is twofold, in that more air is drawn into the burner to support combustion, and the draft is forced, which is especially desirable with a downdraft wherein the smoke stack extends downwardly from the boiler, as in a steam automobile. This feature, which is essential. in automobile practice, has been a great draw-back, and is overcome by the resent arrangement. The combustion of the fuel being made thorough by the abundant supply of air. will naturally produce greater heat and increase the volume of steam produced, whereby a greater quantity of steam can be supplied, or the boiler constructed on a smaller scale to supply the same volume of steam as with the ordinary boiler having the usual air supply.

The air chambers 10 have the entrance portions or mouths 32 extending from. the opposite portions of the chambers 10 and extending or curving rearwardly partially around the side walls of the casing 1., and suitable air controlling shutters are provided in the mouths of the entrance portions 32, whereby the flow of air into the chambers 10 can be controlled, should the maxi mum volume of air not be required or desired. The shutters can thus be used to regulate the volume of air, which. may vary according to different temperatures,ornnder different barometric conditions at different altitudes. y i V The area of, the air funnel 3O atits rear contractedend is less than the area. ofthe throat of the mixing tube29, whereby the stream of vapor and air passing fronrthe funnel intothe mixing tube will pass through the mixing tubewith minimum re.- sistance, and the flaring of the forward re ceiving end of the mixing tube will permit the air to rush in with little resistance. The flaring of the funnel also permits a large amount ofair to pass into the funnel with the fuel. Thus, the mouths and throats of both the funnel and mixing tube are of increased diameters or areas from the funnel to the mixing tube, providing for a high velocity of the fueland air in entering and passing through the funnel. and mixing tube, without creating back-pres sure. Even though excessair is drawn into the burner, this is not objectionable, because the heat is not reduced, and is even increased by the blow torch effect. The arrangement also eliminates the necessity of using a steam jet for increasing the flow of air and pressure, since these results are obtained as above set forth. The present arrangement also mufiles the noise that is usually attendant to a burner using a large quantity of air. i

A vaporizing device is used between the generating piping 8 and the fuel nozzles 28 and is so arranged and constructed that the liquid fuel is vaporized more thoroughly and completely before it reaches the nozzles, that the vaporization is established much quicker and without the smoking of the burner as usual, that any imperfectly vaporized fuelor particles thereof will be trapped in the vaporizing chamber and properly converted into vapor before passing to the nozzles, and that any particles of carbon deposit, chips of metal or other foreign mat ter passing from the generating piping. toward the nozzles will be caught and arrested in the vaporizing chamber to .prevent clogging of the nozzles. This device includes an elongated chamber 34 disposed in a horizontal longitudinal position over the pilot burner 15 so as to be heated thereby, the chamber 34 being disposed above the outlets 22 so that the flames of the pilot burner rise against the bottom of and along the sides of the chamber. 34. These dis ber 34 longitudinally thereof, and are connected to T-couplings 35 which have removable clean out plugs 36, and said couplings are connected to'opposite sides of the cham-l 1 her 34 near the forward end and bottom thereof, providing inlets 37 for suclr chamber, whereby the vapor enters the chamber near. the bottom and the forward end therea of, to passrearwardly and upwardlythercin. The forward end of the chamber 34 has a removable clean out plug 38 near the bottom, which can be removed for-,cleaningout sediment and accumulationsQfrom within the chamber. The vapor, isdischarged from the chamber 34 through a longitudlnal pipe 39 which extends through the 'forward endl along the top of the chamber to a, point near the rear end of the chamber, so that the vapor in flowing through theports .of the chamber near the top thereof and,

into the chamber must pass rearwardly within the chamber and thence upwardly into the pipe 39 in which the vapor flows forwardly into the X-coupling 40 connected to the forward end of the pipe This coupling 40has a removable clean out plug 41 to clean out the pipe 39, and branches 42are connected to the coupling 41 and diverge downwardly to supply the vapor to the nozzles 28. The branches 42 are connected to couplings 43 from which the nozzles 28 extend rearwardly, and said couplings are provided thereon with removable rolls or cylinders 44 of wire mesh, to provide screens to arrest any particles which. might possibly pass through the chamber 34 and pipe 39. The couplings 44 have lower removable clean-out plugs 45 on which any sediment or foreign particles will rest, so that they can be cleaned out by re moving said plugs from time to time. In cleaning out the chamber 34, the plugs 41 and 38 can be removed, and steam or air forced inwardly through the pipe 39 to blow out any accumulations through the opening left by the removal of the plug 38.

The delivery portions of the piping 8 being located at opposite sides of the chamber 34 above the pilot burner will be heated, as well as the chamber 34, and when the main burner is turned on and lighted, the liquid in passing from the pipes 8 into the chamber 34 is 'aporized thoroughly and complete before it passes the nozzles. Thus, even though the vaporization in the piping 8is not complete, the vapor in passing into the chamber 34 will be permitted to expand and dry out, and the dry vapor will pass rearwardly and upwardly into the pipe 39 in a thoroughly vaporized condition and thence to the nozzles 28. Should imperfectly vaporized fuel or particles pass into the vaporizing chamber 34. the same will remain at the bottom thereof, while the gas or vapor will pass upwardly into the pipe 39, and this will prevent the main burner from being flooded with raw fuel. avoiding the flow of liquid, fuel to and through the nozzles. This chamber 34 provides for a quicker vaporization of the liquid, and instead of causing the burner to smoke with a white smoke, as most burners usually do when first started after they have cooled this burner commences to burn immediately with a blue flame. The main burner when lighted heats up the generating piping 8 throughout its length, thus com. pleting the vaporization in the piping 8. Another advantage in the use of the present construction is the function of the chamber 34 as a trap for catching and arresting foreign matter that may flow with the vapor toward the nozzles. Frequently, carbon deposits form in the generating piping, and this deposit suddenly lets go and is carried along with the vapor to the, nozzles, clog ging them, and requiring cleaning out of the nozzles. In the present construction, such particles of carbon deposit will pass into the chamber 34 and drop the bottomv thereof, where they will remain until the chamber is cleaned out. It has also been found that in bending the piping 8, small particles of metal chip off from the interior due to the bending of the pipe, and even though the pipes are cleaned out, frequently some pieces of metal remain therein and will be carried later on with the vapor to the nozzles. Such chips or pieces of metal will be caught in the chamber 34, however, so that they will not possibly clog the nozzles. The chamber 34 will also equalize the pressure from the two branches of the piping 8, which both discharge into the one chamber, from which the gas will flow with uniform pressure to the nozzles, even though the pressure in one branch or the other of the piping S is greater. The retarded flow of vapor in one branch of the generator piping will therefore not result in unequal pressures at the two nozzles 28, thereby providing for uniform heat throughout the area of the main burner, and avoiding unequal heating at the'opposite sides as well as whistling which results from abnormal or unequal pressures.

In the modified form shown in Figs. 5 and 6, two air funnels are provided between each mixing tube 29 and nozzle 23, being of increased sizes from the nozzle to the mixing tube. It will be noted that the throats and mouths of the funnels and mix ing tube gradually increase in diameter or area from the nozzle rearward. This provides for an additional inflow of air through the second air funnel and by increasing the sizes of the throats of the funnels and mixing tube, the abundant inflow of air is pro vided without back-pressure or objectionable resistance. Any number of air funnels can be used, it being noted that the for ward or receiving end of the mixing tube 29 is also flared or funneled. while the rear end thereof is enlarged or flared to permit the gas or mixture to expand as it leaves the mixing tube, thus enabling the mixture to maintain its high velocity and to assure of high pressure of the'gas in the chamber 2.

Figs. :3 and 6 also illustrate another change from the construction above described, in that the entrance portions 32 of the chambers 10 are tubular and extend away from one another at the opposite portions of the chambers 10 .and then extend upwardly the eXterior of the boiler, being proiii *l with shutters in the months there, to regulate the entranceof air.

, Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is 1. A. hydrocarbon burner embodying a gas distributing chamber. an air chamber, a partition between said chambers, a mixing tube carried by said partition and extending into the gas distributing chamber, said tube having a flared mouth extending within the air chamber, a fuel nozzle projecting within the air chamber to direct fuel through said air chamber into the mixing tube, an air funnel of flared form between said nozzle and mixing tube having its larger end arranged toward said nozzle and its smaller end arranged toward the mouth of the mixing tube, said air chamber having an en trance portion extending therefrom, and a shutter within said entrance portion to control the inflow of air.

2. A hydrocarbon burner embodying a casing having a main burner, a. recess and an air inlet opening at the bottom of said recess, and a pilot burner fitted in said recess and having a lower air inlet opening to register with the aforesaid opening.

3. A hydrocarbon burner embodying casing having a pair of air chambers, a recess between said chambers, and an air inlet opening at the bottom of said recess, mixing tubes extending from said chambers, fuel nozzles for directing fuel from the air chambers through said tubes, and a pilot burner including a casing fitting in said recess and rovided with a lower air inlet opening to register with the aforesaid opening.

4:. A hydrocarbon burner including a casing having a longitudinal partition providing a gas distributing chamber at one side thereof and an air inlet passage at the opposite side, the casing having an air inlet opening at one end of said passage, the partition having an offset portion at the other end of said passage, a mixing tube carried by said offset portion and projecting into the gas distributing chamber, and a fuel nozzle projecting toward said offset portion to deliver fuel through said mixing tube.

5. The combination of a main burner, a nozzle for delivering fuel thereto, a pilot burner, a vapor chamber arranged to be heated by the pilot burner, generating piping arranged to be heated by the main burner and having its delivery portion adjacent to said chamber to be heated by the pilot burner said delivery portion of the generating piping being connected to one portion of said chamber, and means for conducting vapor from the opposite and upper portion of said chamber to the fuel nozzle.

6. The combination of a main burner, a pilot burner, a fuel nozzle for delivering fuel to the main burner, a vapor chamber arranged to be heated by the pilot burner, generating piping arranged to be heated by the main burner and having its delivery portion adjacent to said chamber to be heated by the pilot burner and connected to said chamber near one end thereof, and a vapor outlet pipe extending through said end of the chamber to a point near the opposite end and having its outer end connected to said nozzle.

7. The combination of a main hydrocarbon burner, a pilot hydrocarbon burner, a generator pipe having its discharge terminal disposed above the pilot burner to be heated thereby, the remaining portion of said pipe being disposed over the main burner, a vapor chamber disposed over the pilot burner and connected to the discharge terminal of the generator pipe to receive the vapor therefrom and to catch foreign matter, and means for conducting the vapor from said chamber to the main burner.

S. The combination of a main burner, a pilot burner, a plurality of generator pipes having their main portions located above the main burner and their discharge terminals located above the pilot burner, a vapor chamber located above the pilot burner, the discharge terminals of said pipes communicating with said chamber to deliver the vapor into said chamber and equalize the pressure therein, and a plurality of vapor nozzles for the main burner communicating with said chamber to receive vapor therefrom.

9. The combination of a main burner, pilot burner, a plurality of generator pipes having their main portions located above the main burner and their discharge terminals located above the pilot burner, an elongated horizontal vapor chamber located above the pilot burner, the discharge terminals of said pipes being located longitudinally along said chamber and communicating with one end portion of said chamber to discharge vapor and foreign matter into said chamber, a plurality of vapor nozzles for the main burner, and a connection be tween the nozzles and chamber communicating with the other end portion of said cham her to receive vapor therefrom.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name-to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARTLEY O. BAKER.

Witnesses W. R. ALFRED, E. E. READING. 

